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SAMPLING

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The Sampling Theorem: A Fundamental Concept in Signal Processing The sampling theorem, also known as the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem, is a fundamental concept in signal processing that describes the conditions under which a continuous-time signal can be sampled and reconstructed without loss of information. In this blog, we will delve into the details of the sampling theorem, its importance, and its applications. What is the Sampling Theorem? The sampling theorem states that a continuous-time signal can be reconstructed from its samples if the sampling rate is greater than twice the highest frequency component of the signal. Mathematically, this can be expressed as: fs > 2B where fs is the sampling rate and B is the bandwidth of the signal. Importance of the Sampling Theorem : The sampling theorem is crucial in signal processing because it allows us to convert continuous-time signals into discrete-time signals, which can be processed and anal...
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FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING (FSK) MODULATION & DEMODULATION

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Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) Modulation and Demodulation: Circuit, Applications, and Overview: Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) is a popular modulation scheme used in digital communication systems. It encodes data by varying the frequency of a carrier wave, making it a reliable method for transmitting binary data over various communication channels. This blog will delve into the details of FSK modulation and demodulation, the basic circuit involved, and its practical applications. --- What is FSK Modulation? FSK is a form of frequency modulation where the frequency of the carrier signal is shifted between two distinct values. These frequencies correspond to binary values, typically referred to as "mark" and "space," representing binary '1' and '0' respectively. In binary FSK (BFSK), there are two frequencies: - Mark (f1): Represents a binary '1'. - space (f2): Represents a binary '0'. This is commonly expressed mat...
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PSK MODULATION & DEMODULATION

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PSK Modulation and Demodulation: A Comprehensive Guide: Introduction:- Phase Shift Keying (PSK) is a popular digital modulation technique used in various communication systems. In this topic, we'll discuss into the  PSK modulation and demodulation, exploring the concepts, circuits, and applications in easy-to-understand terms. Defination : PSK is type of modulation technique where the phase of carrier is shifted between a corresponding distinct level. In case of BPSK (Binary PSK) there are two distinct level '1' or '0'. For an example when the data bit goes from '1' to '0' the output PSK modulated wave from get phase shift of 180°, further when the data bit goes from '0' to '1' then another 180° phase shift operation is performed. Mathematical expression of PSK signal:- x(t)=Acos(2πft+ angle)        when data bit is '1'. x(t)=-Acos(2πft+ angle)        when data bit is '0'. where , A= amplitude of PSK output...
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